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A special case of the quadratic Diophantine equation having the form x^2-Dy^2=1, (1) where D>0 is a nonsquare natural number (Dickson 2005). The equation x^2-Dy^2=+/-4 (2) ...

where _2F_1(a,b;c;z) is a hypergeometric function and _3F_2(a,b,c;d,e;z) is a generalized hypergeometric function.

The computation of a derivative.

sum_(k=-n)^n(-1)^k(n+b; n+k)(n+c; c+k)(b+c; b+k)=(Gamma(b+c+n+1))/(n!Gamma(b+1)Gamma(c+1)), where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient and Gamma(x) is a gamma function.

The periphery of a graph G is the subgraph of G induced by vertices that have graph eccentricities equal to the graph diameter. The periphery of a connected graph may be ...

A solution of a linear homogeneous ordinary differential equation with polynomial coefficients.

Given a hypergeometric series sum_(k)c_k, c_k is called a hypergeometric term (Koepf 1998, p. 12).

When |x|<1/2, (1-x)^(-a)_2F_1(a,b;c;-x/(1-x))=_2F_1(a,c-b;c;x).

A generalized hypergeometric function _pF_q[alpha_1,alpha_2,...,alpha_p; beta_1,beta_2,...,beta_q;z], is said to be k-balanced if sum_(i=1)^qbeta_i=k+sum_(i=1)^palpha_i.

The function defined by [n]_q = [n; 1]_q (1) = (1-q^n)/(1-q) (2) for integer n, where [n; k]_q is a q-binomial coefficient. The q-bracket satisfies lim_(q->1^-)[n]_q=n. (3)