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In December 1920, M. Schönfinkel presented in a report to the Mathematical Society in Göttingen a new type of formal logic based on the concept of a generalized function ...

A labeled graph whose nodes are indexed by the generators of a Coxeter group having (P_i,P_j) as an graph edge labeled by M_(ij) whenever M_(ij)>2, where M_(ij) is an element ...

In general, a cross is a figure formed by two intersecting line segments. In linear algebra, a cross is defined as a set of n mutually perpendicular pairs of vectors of equal ...

A differential ideal I on a manifold M is an ideal in the exterior algebra of differential k-forms on M which is also closed under the exterior derivative d. That is, for any ...

A metatheorem stating that every theorem on partially ordered sets remains true if all inequalities are reversed. In this operation, supremum must be replaced by infimum, ...

Elementary number theory is the branch of number theory in which elementary methods (i.e., arithmetic, geometry, and high school algebra) are used to solve equations with ...

Given a differential p-form q in the exterior algebra ^ ^pV^*, its envelope is the smallest subspace W such that q is in the subspace ^ ^pW^* subset ^ ^pV^*. Alternatively, W ...

Given a real m×n matrix A, there are four associated vector subspaces which are known colloquially as its fundamental subspaces, namely the column spaces and the null spaces ...

Homology is a concept that is used in many branches of algebra and topology. Historically, the term "homology" was first used in a topological sense by Poincaré. To him, it ...

A type of number involving the roots of unity which was developed by Kummer while trying to solve Fermat's last theorem. Although factorization over the integers is unique ...