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The multiplicative suborder of a number a (mod n) is the least exponent e>0 such that a^e=+/-1 (mod n), or zero if no such e exists. An e always exists if GCD(a,n)=1 and n>1. ...

In each of the ten cases with zero or unit mass, the finite part of the scalar 3-loop tetrahedral vacuum Feynman diagram reduces to four-letter "words" that represent ...

The notion of weak amenability was first introduced by Bade et al. (1987), who termed a commutative Banach algebra A "weakly amenable" if every continuous derivation from A ...

One of the numbers 1, 2, 3, ... (OEIS A000027), also called the counting numbers or natural numbers. 0 is sometimes included in the list of "whole" numbers (Bourbaki 1968, ...

A recurrence equation (also called a difference equation) is the discrete analog of a differential equation. A difference equation involves an integer function f(n) in a form ...

A differential ideal I on a manifold M is an ideal in the exterior algebra of differential k-forms on M which is also closed under the exterior derivative d. That is, for any ...

A theorem which states that if a Kähler form represents an integral cohomology class on a compact manifold, then it must be a projective Abelian variety.

An expression describing a form in which a quantity can be written. For example, all primes p>3 can be "represented as" 6n+/-1.

A Dirichlet L-series is a series of the form L_k(s,chi)=sum_(n=1)^inftychi_k(n)n^(-s), (1) where the number theoretic character chi_k(n) is an integer function with period k, ...

The term "integral" can refer to a number of different concepts in mathematics. The most common meaning is the the fundamenetal object of calculus corresponding to summing ...