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A rational number is a number that can be expressed as a fraction p/q where p and q are integers and q!=0. A rational number p/q is said to have numerator p and denominator ...

Skewness is a measure of the degree of asymmetry of a distribution. If the left tail (tail at small end of the distribution) is more pronounced than the right tail (tail at ...

The quantity twelve (12) is sometimes known as a dozen. It is in turn one twelfth of a gross. Base-12 is known as duodecimal. The Schoolhouse Rock segment "Little Twelvetoes" ...

A matrix that has undergone Gaussian elimination is said to be in row echelon form or, more properly, "reduced echelon form" or "row-reduced echelon form." Such a matrix has ...

For a general two-player zero-sum game, max_(i<=m)min_(j<=n)a_(ij)<=min_(j<=n)max_(i<=m)a_(ij). If the two are equal, then write ...

A matrix whose entries are all integers. Special cases which arise frequently are those having only (-1,1) as entries (e.g., Hadamard matrix), (0,1)-matrices having only ...

A real quantity having a value less than zero (<0) is said to be negative. Negative numbers are denoted with a minus sign preceding the corresponding positive number, i.e., ...

The reciprocal of a real or complex number z!=0 is its multiplicative inverse 1/z=z^(-1), i.e., z to the power -1. The reciprocal of zero is undefined. A plot of the ...

The sign of a real number, also called sgn or signum, is -1 for a negative number (i.e., one with a minus sign "-"), 0 for the number zero, or +1 for a positive number (i.e., ...

A matrix for a round-robin tournament involving n players competing in n(n-1)/2 matches (no ties allowed) having entries a_(ij)={1 if player i defeats player j; -1 if player ...