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The n×n square matrix F_n with entries given by F_(jk)=e^(2piijk/n)=omega^(jk) (1) for j,k=0, 1, 2, ..., n-1, where i is the imaginary number i=sqrt(-1), and normalized by ...

Leakage, more explicitly called spectral leakage, is a smearing of power across a frequency spectrum that occurs when the signal being measured is not periodic in the sample ...

Plancherel's theorem states that the integral of the squared modulus of a function is equal to the integral of the squared modulus of its spectrum. It corresponds to ...

Let {a_i}_(i=0)^(N-1) be a periodic sequence, then the autocorrelation of the sequence, sometimes called the periodic autocorrelation (Zwillinger 1995, p. 223), is the ...

The rectangle function Pi(x) is a function that is 0 outside the interval [-1/2,1/2] and unity inside it. It is also called the gate function, pulse function, or window ...

A transformation T (a.k.a., map, function) over a domain D takes the elements X in D to elements Y in T(D), where the range (a.k.a., image) of T is defined as ...

A quantity which changes sign when indices are reversed. For example, A_(ij)=a_i-a_j is antisymmetric since A_(ij)=-A_(ji).

alpha=1/Nsum_(i=1)^N|x_i-mu|=<|x_i-mu|>.

Let X_1,X_2,...,X_N be a set of N independent random variates and each X_i have an arbitrary probability distribution P(x_1,...,x_N) with mean mu_i and a finite variance ...

A topological space.