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A linear operator A:D(A)->H from its domain D(A) into a Hilbert space H is closed if for any sequence of vectors v_n in D(A) such that v_n->v and Av_n->x as n->infty, it ...

A subset of a topological group which is closed as a subset and also a subgroup.

Given a point lattice, a cluster is a group of filled cells which are all connected to their neighbors vertically or horizontally.

In 1976, Coates and Wiles showed that elliptic curves with complex multiplication having an infinite number of solutions have L-functions which are zero at the relevant fixed ...

A coaxal system is a system of coaxal circles. A spectacular example is the set of circles (circumcircle, nine-point circle, orthocentroidal circle, orthoptic circle of the ...

Code 912 is a totalistic cellular automaton that yields patterns with seemingly random features. The rules and 300 steps of this automaton are illustrated above.

A codeword is an element of an error-correcting code C. If C has length n, then a codeword in C has the form (c_1,c_2,...,c_n), where each c_i is a letter in the alphabet of ...

A set within which the values of a function lie (as opposed to the range, which is the set of values that the function actually takes).

Let V be a vector space over a field K, and let A be a nonempty set. For an appropriately defined affine space A, K is called the coefficient field.

Given a series of the form A(z)=sum_(k)a_kz^k, the notation [z^k](A(z)) is used to indicate the coefficient a_k (Sedgewick and Flajolet 1996). This corresponds to the Wolfram ...