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The point at which a curve or function crosses the y-axis (i.e., when x=0 in two dimensions).

The axis in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates which is usually oriented vertically. Cylindrical coordinates are defined such that the z-axis is the axis about which the ...

The z-score associated with the ith observation of a random variable x is given by z_i=(x_i-x^_)/sigma, where x^_ is the mean and sigma the standard deviation of all ...

A cadlag function is a function, defined on R or a subset of R, that is right continuous and has a left limit. The acronym cadlag comes from the French "continue à droite, ...

Let C be a smooth geometrically connected projective curve over F_q with q=p^s a prime power. Let infty be a fixed closed point of X but not necessarily F_q-rational. A ...

A functional is a real-valued function on a vector space V, usually of functions. For example, the energy functional on the unit disk D assigns a number to any differentiable ...

If and only if (i.e., necessary and sufficient). The terms "just if" or "exactly when" are sometimes used instead. A iff B is written symbolically as A<->B, A<=>B, A<->B, or ...

Let A be a commutative complex Banach algebra. The space of all characters on A is called the maximal ideal space (or character space) of A. This space equipped with the ...

The word "order" is used in a number of different ways in mathematics. Most commonly, it refers to the number of elements in (e.g., conjugacy class order, graph order, group ...

A scale-free network is a connected graph or network with the property that the number of links k originating from a given node exhibits a power law distribution ...