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The universal product code (UPC) is a 12-digit number and associated machine-readable bar code used to identify products being purchased in grocery stores. UPCs encode an ...

The theory of point sets and sequences having a uniform distribution. Uniform distribution theory is important in modeling and simulation, and especially in so-called Monte ...

Following Yates (1980), a prime p such that 1/p is a repeating decimal with decimal period shared with no other prime is called a unique prime. For example, 3, 11, 37, and ...

The validity of a logical argument refers to whether or not the conclusion follows logically from the premises, i.e., whether it is possible to deduce the conclusion from the ...

A variate is a generalization of the concept of a random variable that is defined without reference to a particular type of probabilistic experiment. It is defined as the set ...

Although the multiplication of one vector by another is not uniquely defined (cf. scalar multiplication, which is multiplication of a vector by a scalar), several types of ...

A convex polyhedron is defined as the set of solutions to a system of linear inequalities mx<=b (i.e., a matrix inequality), where m is a real s×d matrix and b is a real ...

Let gamma(G) denote the domination number of a simple graph G. Then Vizing (1963) conjectured that gamma(G)gamma(H)<=gamma(G×H), where G×H is the graph product. While the ...

A W^*-algebra is a C-*-algebra A for which there is a Banach space A_* such that its dual is A. Then the space A_* is uniquely defined and is called the pre-dual of A. Every ...

Two polygons are congruent by dissection iff they have the same area. In particular, any polygon is congruent by dissection to a square of the same area. Laczkovich (1988) ...