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The curve which is the envelope of reflected (catacaustic) or refracted (diacaustic) rays of a given curve for a light source at a given point (known as the radiant point).

A special point which usually has some symmetric placement with respect to points on a curve or in a solid. The center of a circle is equidistant from all points on the ...

A chamfered icosahedron, also called a tritruncated rhombic triacontahedron, is a polyhedron obtained by chamfering a regular icosahedron. The illustration above shows ...

Given a symmetric positive definite matrix A, the Cholesky decomposition is an upper triangular matrix U with strictly positive diagonal entries such that A=U^(T)U. Cholesky ...

The phrase "convergence in mean" is used in several branches of mathematics to refer to a number of different types of sequential convergence. In functional analysis, ...

The automorphism group Co_1 of the Leech lattice modulo a center of order two is called "the" Conway group. There are 15 exceptional conjugacy classes of the Conway group. ...

A nonplanar graph G is said to be critical nonplanar if the removal of a vertex results in a planar graph for every vertex of G. Critical nonplanar graphs differ from apex ...

A plot of the cumulative frequency against the upper class boundary with the points joined by line segments. Any continuous cumulative frequency curve, including a cumulative ...

The cut elimination theorem, also called the "Hauptsatz" (Gentzen 1969), states that every sequent calculus derivation can be transformed into another derivation with the ...

A dependent variable is a variable whose value depends on the values of one or more other independent variables. This notion comes up regularly in a variety of contexts. In ...