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A band over a fixed topological space X is represented by a cover X= union U_alpha, U_alpha subset= X, and for each alpha, a sheaf of groups K_alpha on U_alpha along with ...

A convex function is a continuous function whose value at the midpoint of every interval in its domain does not exceed the arithmetic mean of its values at the ends of the ...

Start with an integer n, known as the digitaddition generator. Add the sum of the digitaddition generator's digits to obtain the digitaddition n^'. A number can have more ...

A scalene triangle is a triangle that has three unequal sides, such as those illustrated above.

An abstract manifold is a manifold in the context of an abstract space with no particular embedding, or representation in mind. It is a topological space with an atlas of ...

The (lower) domination number gamma(G) of a graph G is the minimum size of a dominating set of vertices in G, i.e., the size of a minimum dominating set. This is equivalent ...

Elder's theorem is a generalization of Stanley's theorem which states that the total number of occurrences of an integer k among all unordered partitions of n is equal to the ...

Consider the process of taking a number, adding its digits, then adding the digits of the number derived from it, etc., until the remaining number has only one digit. The ...

An error-correcting code is an algorithm for expressing a sequence of numbers such that any errors which are introduced can be detected and corrected (within certain ...

A braid index is the least number of strings needed to make a closed braid representation of a link. The braid index is equal to the least number of Seifert circles in any ...