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The signature s(K) of a knot K can be defined using the skein relationship s(unknot)=0 (1) s(K_+)-s(K_-) in {0,2}, (2) and 4|s(K)<->del (K)(2i)>0, (3) where del (K) is the ...

The Hurwitz zeta function zeta(s,a) is a generalization of the Riemann zeta function zeta(s) that is also known as the generalized zeta function. It is classically defined by ...

Specifying two adjacent angles A and B and the side between them c uniquely (up to geometric congruence) determines a triangle with area K=(c^2)/(2(cotA+cotB)). (1) The angle ...

In an additive group G, the additive inverse of an element a is the element a^' such that a+a^'=a^'+a=0, where 0 is the additive identity of G. Usually, the additive inverse ...

An asymptotic direction at a point p of a regular surface M in R^3 is a direction in which the normal curvature of M vanishes. 1. There are no asymptotic directions at an ...

The average disorder number of a simple connected graph on n vertices is defined as the average length of a walk along the edges of the graph taken over all ordering of its ...

An azimuthal projection which is neither equal-area nor conformal. Let phi_1 and lambda_0 be the latitude and longitude of the center of the projection, then the ...

The baby monster group, also known as Fischer's baby monster group, is the second-largest sporadic group. It is denoted B and has group order |B| = ...

A binary operation f(x,y) is an operation that applies to two quantities or expressions x and y. A binary operation on a nonempty set A is a map f:A×A->A such that 1. f is ...

A change of coordinates matrix, also called a transition matrix, specifies the transformation from one vector basis to another under a change of basis. For example, if ...