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Two matrices A and B are said to be equal iff a_(ij)=b_(ij) (1) for all i,j. Therefore, [1 2; 3 4]=[1 2; 3 4], (2) while [1 2; 3 4]!=[0 2; 3 4]. (3)

Defined for samples x_i, i=1, ..., N by alpha_r=1/Nsum_(i=1)^Nz_i^r=(mu_r)/(sigma^r), (1) where z_i=(x_i-x^_)/(s_x). (2) The first few are alpha_1 = 0 (3) alpha_2 = 1 (4) ...

A multiplicative character is called unitary if it has absolute value 1 everywhere.

A solution zeta_k=e^(2piik/d) to the cyclotomic equation x^d=1. The de Moivre numbers give the coordinates in the complex plane of the polygon vertices of a regular polygon ...

For a sequence {chi_i}, the Levine-O'Sullivan greedy algorithm is given by chi_1 = 1 (1) chi_i = max_(1<=j<=i-1)(j+1)(i-chi_j) (2) for i>1. The sequence generated by this ...

A fractal based on iterating the map F(x)=ax+(2(1-a)x^2)/(1+x^2) (1) according to x_(n+1) = by_n+F(x_n) (2) x_(y+1) = -x_n+F(x_(n+1)). (3) The plots above show 10^4 ...

The arf invariant is a link invariant that always has the value 0 or 1. A knot has Arf invariant 0 if the knot is "pass equivalent" to the unknot and 1 if it is pass ...

The orthogonal polynomials defined by c_n^((mu))(x) = _2F_0(-n,-x;;-mu^(-1)) (1) = ((-1)^n)/(mu^n)(x-n+1)_n_1F_1(-n;x-n+1;mu), (2) where (x)_n is the Pochhammer symbol ...

A subspace A of X is called a strong deformation retract of X if there is a homotopy F:X×I->X (called a retract) such that for all x in X, a in A, and t in I, 1. F(x,0)=x, 2. ...

For |z|<1, product_(k=1)^infty(1+z^k)=product_(k=1)^infty(1-z^(2k-1))^(-1). (1) Both of these have closed form representation 1/2(-1;z)_infty, (2) where (a;q)_infty is a ...