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The radical of an ideal a in a ring R is the ideal which is the intersection of all prime ideals containing a. Note that any ideal is contained in a maximal ideal, which is ...

An identity is a mathematical relationship equating one quantity to another (which may initially appear to be different).

The idiosyncratic polynomial is the bivariate graph polynomial defined as the characteristic polynomial in x of A+y(J-I-A), where A is the adjacency matrix, J is the unit ...

A matrix is ill-conditioned if the condition number is too large (and singular if it is infinite).

Radial line segments whose inward-pointing end produce the illusion of a circle or other figure. The apparent figure has the same color as the background, but appears ...

The imaginary part I[z] of a complex number z=x+iy is the real number multiplying i, so I[x+iy]=y. In terms of z itself, I[z]=(z-z^_)/(2i), where z^_ is the complex conjugate ...

"Implies" is the connective in propositional calculus which has the meaning "if A is true, then B is also true." In formal terminology, the term conditional is often used to ...

A function f(x) increases on an interval I if f(b)>=f(a) for all b>a, where a,b in I. If f(b)>f(a) for all b>a, the function is said to be strictly increasing. Conversely, a ...

An independent edge set (also called a matching) of a graph G is a subset of the edges such that no two edges in the subset share a vertex of G (Skiena 1990, p. 219). The ...

An indirectly conformal mapping, sometimes called an anticonformal mapping, is a mapping that reverses all angles, whereas an isogonal mapping can reverse some angles and ...