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For any prime number p and any positive integer n, the p^n-rank r_(p^n)(G) of a finitely generated Abelian group G is the number of copies of the cyclic group Z_(p^n) ...

A prime ideal is an ideal I such that if ab in I, then either a in I or b in I. For example, in the integers, the ideal a=<p> (i.e., the multiples of p) is prime whenever p ...

A polynomial having random coefficients.

In 1704, Sebastien Truchet considered all possible patterns formed by tilings of right triangles oriented at the four corners of a square (Wolfram 2002, p. 875). Truchet's ...

The volumes of any n n-dimensional solids can always be simultaneously bisected by a (n-1)-dimensional hyperplane. Proving the theorem for n=2 (where it is known as the ...

The Königsberg bridge problem asks if the seven bridges of the city of Königsberg (left figure; Kraitchik 1942), formerly in Germany but now known as Kaliningrad and part of ...

The word polytope is used to mean a number of related, but slightly different mathematical objects. A convex polytope may be defined as the convex hull of a finite set of ...

The 11-cell is a regular 4-dimensional structure that cannot be represented in 3-dimensional space in any reasonable way and is highly self-intersecting even in 4-dimensional ...

A number traditionally associated with bad luck. A so-called baker's dozen is equal to 13. Fear of the number 13 is called triskaidekaphobia. There are 13 Archimedean solids. ...

Calculating the 13th root of a large number (that is a perfect 13th power) is a famous mental calculation challenge. However, because of difficulties in standardizing the ...