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The number one (1), also called "unity," is the first positive integer. It is an odd number. Although the number 1 used to be considered a prime number, it requires special ...

Topology is the mathematical study of the properties that are preserved through deformations, twistings, and stretchings of objects. Tearing, however, is not allowed. A ...

The doublestruck capital letter Z, Z, denotes the ring of integers ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, .... The symbol derives from the German word Zahl, meaning "number" (Dummit and Foote ...

The Fourier transform of the constant function f(x)=1 is given by F_x[1](k) = int_(-infty)^inftye^(-2piikx)dx (1) = delta(k), (2) according to the definition of the delta ...

Vizing's theorem states that a graph can be edge-colored in either Delta or Delta+1 colors, where Delta is the maximum vertex degree of the graph. A graph with edge chromatic ...

Euler's 6n+1 theorem states that every prime of the form 6n+1, (i.e., 7, 13, 19, 31, 37, 43, 61, 67, ..., which are also the primes of the form 3n+1; OEIS A002476) can be ...

Fermat's 4n+1 theorem, sometimes called Fermat's two-square theorem or simply "Fermat's theorem," states that a prime number p can be represented in an essentially unique ...

A variant of the Pollard p-1 method which uses Lucas sequences to achieve rapid factorization if some factor p of N has a decomposition of p+1 in small prime factors.

Let x_0 be a rational number in the closed interval [0,1], and generate a sequence using the map x_(n+1)=2x_n (mod 1). (1) Then the number of periodic map orbits of period p ...