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The finite zeros of the derivative r^'(z) of a nonconstant rational function r(z) that are not multiple zeros of r(z) are the positions of equilibrium in the field of force ...

If a continuous function defined on an interval is sometimes positive and sometimes negative, it must be 0 at some point. Bolzano (1817) proved the theorem (which effectively ...

A function f(x) is said to have bounded variation if, over the closed interval x in [a,b], there exists an M such that |f(x_1)-f(a)|+|f(x_2)-f(x_1)|+... +|f(b)-f(x_(n-1))|<=M ...

The function defined by the contour integral J_(n,k)(z) =1/(2pii)int^((0+))t^(-n-1)(t+1/t)^kexp[1/2z(t-1/t)]dt, where int_((0+)) denotes the contour encircling the point z=0 ...

Brocard's conjecture states that pi(p_(n+1)^2)-pi(p_n^2)>=4 for n>=2, where pi(n) is the prime counting function and p_n is the nth prime. For n=1, 2, ..., the first few ...

A real-valued stochastic process {B(t):t>=0} is a Brownian motion which starts at x in R if the following properties are satisfied: 1. B(0)=x. 2. For all times ...

The Buchstab function omega(u) is defined by the delay differential equation {uomega(u)=1 for 1<=u<=2; (uomega(u))^'=omega(u-1) for u>2 (1) (Panario 1998). It approaches the ...

The integral transform defined by (Kphi)(x)=int_0^infty(x^2-t^2)_+^(lambda/2)P_nu^lambda(t/x)phi(t)dt, where y_+^alpha is the truncated power function and P_nu^lambda(x) is ...

If the section function of a centered convex body in n-dimensional Euclidean space (n>=3) is smaller than that of another such body, is its volume also smaller? The solution ...

The Byzantine generals problem considers a computer with many programs running, some of them possibly unfriendly, and asks how the computer can function properly. More ...