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The positive integers 216 and 12960000 appear in an obscure passage in Plato's The Republic. In this passage, Plato alludes to the fact that 216 is equal to 6^3, where 6 is ...

d_n=p_(n+1)-p_n. (1) The first few values are 1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 6, ... (OEIS A001223). Rankin has shown that d_n>(clnnlnlnnlnlnlnlnn)/((lnlnlnn)^2) ...

The mathematical study of combinatorial objects in which a certain degree of order must occur as the scale of the object becomes large. Ramsey theory is named after Frank ...

There are a number of functions in various branches of mathematics known as Riemann functions. Examples include the Riemann P-series, Riemann-Siegel functions, Riemann theta ...

The constant s_0 in Schnirelmann's theorem such that every integer >1 is a sum of at most s_0 primes. Of course, by Vinogradov's theorem, it is known that 4 primes suffice ...

There are two definitions of the supersingular primes: one group-theoretic, and the other number-theoretic. Group-theoretically, let Gamma_0(N) be the modular group Gamma0, ...

The base 2 method of counting in which only the digits 0 and 1 are used. In this base, the number 1011 equals 1·2^0+1·2^1+0·2^2+1·2^3=11. This base is used in computers, ...

A factorial prime is a prime number of the form n!+/-1, where n! is a factorial. n!-1 is prime for n=3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 30, 32, 33, 38, 94, 166, 324, 379, 469, 546, 974, ...

A problem posed by the Slovak mathematician Stefan Znám in 1972 asking whether, for all integers k>=2, there exist k integers x_1,...,x_k all greater than 1 such that x_i is ...

Let x be a real number, and let R be the set of positive real numbers mu for which 0<|x-p/q|<1/(q^mu) (1) has (at most) finitely many solutions p/q for p and q integers. Then ...