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The Pontryagin number is defined in terms of the Pontryagin class of a manifold as follows. For any collection of Pontryagin classes such that their cup product has the same ...

The Stiefel-Whitney number is defined in terms of the Stiefel-Whitney class of a manifold as follows. For any collection of Stiefel-Whitney classes such that their cup ...

A witness is a number which, as a result of its number theoretic properties, guarantees either the compositeness or primality of a number n. Witnesses are most commonly used ...

Two integers are relatively prime if they share no common positive factors (divisors) except 1. Using the notation (m,n) to denote the greatest common divisor, two integers m ...

Given a point set P={x_n}_(n=0)^(N-1) in the s-dimensional unit cube [0,1)^s, the local discrepancy is defined as D(J,P)=|(number of x_n in J)/N-Vol(J)|, Vol(J) is the ...

Partial evaluation is a branch of computer science studying program transformation via specialization. Any function can be specialized by fixing one or more of its inputs to ...

The Thue-Morse sequence, also called the Morse-Thue sequence or Prouhet-Thue-Morse sequence (Allouche and Cosnard 2000), is one of a number of related sequences of numbers ...

Let a hotel have a denumerable set of rooms numbered 1, 2, 3, .... Then any finite number n of guests can be accommodated without evicting the current guests by moving the ...

The rook numbers r_k^((m,n)) of an m×n board are the number of subsets of size k such that no two elements have the same first or second coordinate. In other word, it is the ...

The constant e is base of the natural logarithm. e is sometimes known as Napier's constant, although its symbol (e) honors Euler. e is the unique number with the property ...