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A nonplanar graph is a graph that is not planar. The numbers of simple nonplanar graphs on n=1, 2, ... nodes are 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 14, 222, 5380, 194815, ... (OEIS A145269), ...

An n×n Latin square is a Latin rectangle with k=n. Specifically, a Latin square consists of n sets of the numbers 1 to n arranged in such a way that no orthogonal (row or ...

A clique of a graph G is a complete subgraph of G, and the clique of largest possible size is referred to as a maximum clique (which has size known as the (upper) clique ...

Two nonisomorphic graphs can share the same graph spectrum, i.e., have the same eigenvalues of their adjacency matrices. Such graphs are called cospectral. For example, the ...

Landau's function g(n) is the maximum order of an element in the symmetric group S_n. The value g(n) is given by the largest least common multiple of all partitions of the ...

A function f is said to be an entire modular form of weight k if it satisfies 1. f is analytic in the upper half-plane H, 2. f((atau+b)/(ctau+d))=(ctau+d)^kf(tau) whenever [a ...

A group whose group operation is identified with multiplication. As with normal multiplication, the multiplication operation on group elements is either denoted by a raised ...

Given a positive integer m>1, let its prime factorization be written m=p_1^(a_1)p_2^(a_2)p_3^(a_3)...p_k^(a_k). (1) Define the functions h(n) and H(n) by h(1)=1, H(1)=1, and ...

A power series in a variable z is an infinite sum of the form sum_(i=0)^inftya_iz^i, where a_i are integers, real numbers, complex numbers, or any other quantities of a given ...

Find two distinct sets of integers {a_1,...,a_n} and {b_1,...,b_n}, such that for k=1, ..., m, sum_(i=1)^na_i^k=sum_(i=1)^nb_i^k. (1) The Prouhet-Tarry-Escott problem is ...