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The colon is the symbol ":". It is used in a number of different ways in mathematics. 1. To denote ratio or odds, as in 2:1 (voiced "two to one"). 2. To mean such that in ...

Let j_k(alpha) denote the number of cycles of length k for a permutation alpha expressed as a product of disjoint cycles. The cycle index Z(X) of a permutation group X of ...

Two metrics g_1 and g_2 defined on a space X are called equivalent if they induce the same metric topology on X. This is the case iff, for every point x_0 of X, every ball ...

Four line geometry is a finite geometry subject to the following three axioms: 1. there exist exactly four lines, 2. any two distinct lines have exactly one point of on both ...

An algorithm for finding integer relations whose running time is bounded by a polynomial in the number of real variables (Ferguson and Bailey 1992). Unfortunately, it is ...

The Haferman carpet is the beautiful fractal constructed using string rewriting beginning with a cell [1] and iterating the rules {0->[1 1 1; 1 1 1; 1 1 1],1->[0 1 0; 1 0 1; ...

The problem of determining how many nonattacking kings can be placed on an n×n chessboard. For n=8, the solution is 16, as illustrated above (Madachy 1979). In general, the ...

The signature s(K) of a knot K can be defined using the skein relationship s(unknot)=0 (1) s(K_+)-s(K_-) in {0,2}, (2) and 4|s(K)<->del (K)(2i)>0, (3) where del (K) is the ...

A path composed of connected horizontal and vertical line segments, each passing between adjacent lattice points. A lattice path is therefore a sequence of points P_0, P_1, ...

The Ljubljana graph is a graph on 112 vertices that is the third smallest cubic semisymmetric graph. It was discovered by Brouwer et al. (1993) and rediscovered by Conder et ...