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Consider the Euclid numbers defined by E_k=1+p_k#, where p_k is the kth prime and p# is the primorial. The first few values of E_k are 3, 7, 31, 211, 2311, 30031, 510511, ... ...

An extension of two-valued logic such that statements need not be true or false, but may have a degree of truth between 0 and 1. Such a system can be extremely useful in ...

Any real function u(x,y) with continuous second partial derivatives which satisfies Laplace's equation, del ^2u(x,y)=0, (1) is called a harmonic function. Harmonic functions ...

An inellipse inconic that is an ellipse. The locus of the centers of the ellipses inscribed in a triangle is the interior of the medial triangle. Newton gave the solution to ...

A mathematical statement that one quantity is greater than or less than another. "a is less than b" is denoted a<b, and "a is greater than b" is denoted a>b. "a is less than ...

A general integral transform is defined by g(alpha)=int_a^bf(t)K(alpha,t)dt, where K(alpha,t) is called the integral kernel of the transform.

Define the juggler sequence for a positive integer a_1=n as the sequence of numbers produced by the iteration a_(k+1)={|_a_k^(1/2)_| for even a_k; |_a_k^(3/2)_| for odd a_k, ...

Let G be a planar graph whose vertices have been properly colored and suppose v in V(G) is colored C_1. Define the C_1C_2-Kempe chain containing v to be the maximal connected ...

C. Kimberling has extensively tabulated and enumerated the properties of triangle centers (Kimberling 1994, 1998, and online), denoting the nth center in his numbering scheme ...

A nonassociative algebra obeyed by objects such as the Lie bracket and Poisson bracket. Elements f, g, and h of a Lie algebra satisfy [f,f]=0 (1) [f+g,h]=[f,h]+[g,h], (2) and ...