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A New Kind of Science is a seminal work on simple programs by Stephen Wolfram. In 1980, Wolfram's studies found unexpected behavior in a collection of simple computer ...

The Church-Turing thesis (formerly commonly known simply as Church's thesis) says that any real-world computation can be translated into an equivalent computation involving a ...

Propositional calculus, first-order logic, and other theories in mathematical logic are defined by their axioms (or axiom schemata, plural: axiom schemata) and inference ...

The cubic formula is the closed-form solution for a cubic equation, i.e., the roots of a cubic polynomial. A general cubic equation is of the form z^3+a_2z^2+a_1z+a_0=0 (1) ...

For a logarithmic spiral given parametrically as x = ae^(bt)cost (1) y = ae^(bt)sint, (2) evolute is given by x_e = -abe^(bt)sint (3) y_e = abe^(bt)cost. (4) As first shown ...

The metabigyrate rhombicosidodecahedron is a convex equilateral solid obtained by rotating two of the pentagonal cupolas of a small rhombicosidodecahedron located in the ...

The catacaustic of the natural logarithm lnx specified parametrically as x = t (1) y = lnt (2) is a complicated expression for an arbitrary radiant point. However, for a ...

The metabigyrate rhombicosidodecahedron is a convex equilateral solid obtained by rotating two of the pentagonal cupolas of a small rhombicosidodecahedron located in the ...

The catacaustic of a parabola (t,t^2) opening upward is complicated for a general radiant point (x,y). However, the equations simplify substantially in the case x=infty ...

A strict order > on the set of terms of a term rewriting system is called a reduction order if 1. The set of terms is well ordered with respect to >, that is, all its ...