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Let G be a graph and S a subgraph of G. Let the number of odd components in G-S be denoted S^', and |S| the number of graph vertices of S. The condition |S|>=S^' for every ...

The eigenvector corresponding to the second smallest eigenvalue (i.e., the algebraic connectivity) of the Laplacian matrix of a graph G. The Fiedler vector is used in ...

A 2-dimensional discrete percolation model is said to be mixed if both graph vertices and graph edges may be "blocked" from allowing fluid flow (i.e., closed in the sense of ...

The girth of a graphs is the length of one of its (if any) shortest graph cycles. Acyclic graphs are considered to have infinite girth (Skiena 1990, p. 191). The girth of a ...

A straight line embedding, or "straight line drawing," of a graph is a graph embedding in which all edges are drawn as straight line segments (as opposed to curves, etc.).

The central point in a wheel graph W_n. The hub has degree n-1.

If the abstract simplicial complex S is isomorphic with the vertex scheme of the simplicial complex K, then K is said to be a geometric realization of S, and is uniquely ...

The rank polynomial R(x,y) of a general graph G is the function defined by R(x,y)=sum_(S subset= E(G))x^(r(S))y^(s(S)), (1) where the sum is taken over all subgraphs (i.e., ...

Isomorphic factorization colors the edges a given graph G with k colors so that the colored subgraphs are isomorphic. The graph G is then k-splittable, with k as the divisor, ...

A spanning tree of a graph on n vertices is a subset of n-1 edges that form a tree (Skiena 1990, p. 227). For example, the spanning trees of the cycle graph C_4, diamond ...