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The angle of incidence of a ray to a surface is measured as the difference in angle between the ray and the normal vector of the surface at the point of intersection.

Two curves which, at any point, have a common principal normal vector are called Bertrand curves. The product of the torsions of Bertrand curves is a constant.

The comass of a differential p-form phi is the largest value of phi on a p vector of p-volume one, sup_(v in ^ ^pTM,|v|=1)|phi(v)|.

One of the "knots" t_(p+1), ..., t_(m-p-1) of a B-spline with control points P_0, ..., P_n and knot vector T={t_0,t_1,...,t_m}, where p=m-n-1.

A ruled surface M is a normal developable of a curve y if M can be parameterized by x(u,v)=y(u)+vN^^(u), where N is the normal vector (Gray 1993, pp. 352-354; first edition ...

The permutohedron is the n-dimensional generalization of the hexagon. The n-permutohedron is the convex hull of all permutations of the vector (x_1,x_2,...,x_(n+1)) in ...

The index of a vector field with finitely many zeros on a compact, oriented manifold is the same as the Euler characteristic of the manifold.

The single bar | is a notation variously used to denote the absolute value |x|, complex modulus |z|, vector norm |x|, determinant |A|, or "divides" (a|b).

A horizontal line placed under a symbol to indicate some special property. Underscores are sometimes used instead of over-arrows or bold typeface to indicate a vector, for ...

An anchor is the bundle map rho from a vector bundle A to the tangent bundle TB satisfying 1. [rho(X),rho(Y)]=rho([X,Y]) and 2. [X,phiY]=phi[X,Y]+(rho(X)·phi)Y, where X and Y ...