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A ruled surface M is said to be a binormal developable of a curve y if M can be parameterized by x(u,v)=y(u)+vB^^(u), where B is the binormal vector.

A conservative vector field (for which the curl del xF=0) may be assigned a scalar potential where int_CF·ds is a line integral.

In general, there are two important types of curvature: extrinsic curvature and intrinsic curvature. The extrinsic curvature of curves in two- and three-space was the first ...

v=(dr)/(dt), (1) where r is the radius vector and d/dt is the derivative with respect to time. Expressed in terms of the arc length, v=(ds)/(dt)T^^, (2) where T^^ is the unit ...

The equation of a line ax+by+c=0 in slope-intercept form is given by y=-a/bx-c/b, (1) so the line has slope -a/b. Now consider the distance from a point (x_0,y_0) to the ...

Two submanifolds X and Y in an ambient space M intersect transversally if, for all p in X intersection Y, TX_p+TY_p={v+w:v in TX_p,w in TY_p}=TM_p, where the addition is in ...

A point is a 0-dimensional mathematical object which can be specified in n-dimensional space using an n-tuple (x_1, x_2, ..., x_n) consisting of n coordinates. In dimensions ...

A topological partial algebra is a pair (A,tau), where A=(A,(f_i^A)_(i in I)) is a partial algebra and each of the operations f_i^A is continuous in the product topology. ...

A T_1-space is a topological space fulfilling the T1-separation axiom: For any two points x,y in X there exists two open sets U and V such that x in U and y not in U, and y ...

An orientation on an n-dimensional manifold is given by a nowhere vanishing differential n-form. Alternatively, it is an bundle orientation for the tangent bundle. If an ...