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A functional is a real-valued function on a vector space V, usually of functions. For example, the energy functional on the unit disk D assigns a number to any differentiable ...

A projection matrix P is an n×n square matrix that gives a vector space projection from R^n to a subspace W. The columns of P are the projections of the standard basis ...

A normed vector space X=(X,||·||_X) is said to be uniformly convex if for sequences {x_n}={x_n}_(n=1)^infty, {y_n}={y_n}_(n=1)^infty, the assumptions ||x_n||_X<=1, ...

A subset {v_1,...,v_k} of a vector space V, with the inner product <,>, is called orthogonal if <v_i,v_j>=0 when i!=j. That is, the vectors are mutually perpendicular. Note ...

The nullity of a linear transformation f:V->W of vector spaces is the dimension of its null space. The nullity and the map rank add up to the dimension of V, a result ...

A linear functional defined on a subspace of a vector space V and which is dominated by a sublinear function defined on V has a linear extension which is also dominated by ...

A transformation consisting of a constant offset with no rotation or distortion. In n-dimensional Euclidean space, a translation may be specified simply as a vector giving ...

In functional analysis, the Banach-Alaoglu theorem (also sometimes called Alaoglu's theorem) is a result which states that the norm unit ball of the continuous dual X^* of a ...

Strong convergence is the type of convergence usually associated with convergence of a sequence. More formally, a sequence {x_n} of vectors in a normed space (and, in ...

The orthogonal complement of a subspace V of the vector space R^n is the set of vectors which are orthogonal to all elements of V. For example, the orthogonal complement of ...