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A closed curve associated with a knot which is displaced along the normal by a small amount. For a knot K parameterized as x^mu(s) for 0<=s<=L along the length of the knot by ...

The French metro metric is an example for disproving apparently intuitive but false properties of metric spaces. The metric consists of a distance function on the plane such ...

The Kuhn-Tucker theorem is a theorem in nonlinear programming which states that if a regularity condition holds and f and the functions h_j are convex, then a solution ...

A module homomorphism is a map f:M->N between modules over a ring R which preserves both the addition and the multiplication by scalars. In symbols this means that ...

Let A be a finite-dimensional power-associative algebra, then A is the vector space direct sum A=A_(11)+A_(10)+A_(01)+A_(00), where A_(ij), with i,j=0,1 is the subspace of A ...

A result in control theory. Define H(psi,x,u)=(psi,f(x,u))=sum_(a=0)^npsi_af^a(x,u). Then in order for a control u(t) and a trajectory x(t) to be optimal, it is necessary ...

A pullback is a general categorical operation appearing in a number of mathematical contexts, sometimes going under a different name. If T:V->W is a linear transformation ...

Two points z and z^S in C^* are symmetric with respect to a circle or straight line L if all circles and straight lines passing through z and z^S are orthogonal to L. Möbius ...

A topological partial algebra is a pair (A,tau), where A=(A,(f_i^A)_(i in I)) is a partial algebra and each of the operations f_i^A is continuous in the product topology. ...

Weak convergence is usually either denoted x_nw; ->x or x_n->x. A sequence {x_n} of vectors in an inner product space E is called weakly convergent to a vector in E if ...