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A sliver of the surface of a sphere of radius r cut out by two planes through the azimuthal axis with dihedral angle theta. The surface area of the lune is S=2r^2theta, which ...

The square root method is an algorithm which solves the matrix equation Au=g (1) for u, with A a p×p symmetric matrix and g a given vector. Convert A to a triangular matrix ...

Consider the sample standard deviation s=sqrt(1/Nsum_(i=1)^N(x_i-x^_)^2) (1) for n samples taken from a population with a normal distribution. The distribution of s is then ...

A standard normal distribution is a normal distribution with zero mean (mu=0) and unit variance (sigma^2=1), given by the probability density function and distribution ...

The study of random geometric structures. Stochastic geometry leads to modelling and analysis tools such as Monte carlo methods.

The probability density function for Student's z-distribution is given by f_n(z)=(Gamma(n/2))/(sqrt(pi)Gamma((n-1)/2))(1+z^2)^(-n/2). (1) Now define ...

A Tauberian theorem is a theorem that deduces the convergence of an series on the basis of the properties of the function it defines and any kind of auxiliary hypothesis ...

The (not necessarily regular) tetrahedron of least volume circumscribed around a convex body B with volume V is not known. If B is a parallelepiped, then the smallest-volume ...

A characterization of normal spaces with respect to the definition given by Kelley (1955, p. 112) or Willard (1970, p. 99). It states that the topological space X is normal ...

The tilde is the mark "~" placed on top of a symbol to indicate some special property. x^~ is voiced "x-tilde." The tilde symbol is commonly used to denote an operator. In ...