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The common logarithm is the logarithm to base 10. The notation logx is used by physicists, engineers, and calculator keypads to denote the common logarithm. However, ...

The square torus is the quotient of the plane by the integer lattice.

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The axiom of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory which asserts that sets formed by the same elements are equal, forall x(x in a=x in b)=>a=b. Note that some texts (e.g., Devlin ...

In the study of non-associative algebra, there are at least two different notions of what the half-Bol identity is. Throughout, let L be an algebraic loop and let x, y, and z ...

The symbol RadicalBox[x, n] used to indicate a root is called a radical, or sometimes a surd. The expression RadicalBox[x, n] is therefore read "x radical n," or "the nth ...

Let the two-dimensional cylinder function be defined by f(x,y)={1 for r<R; 0 for r>R. (1) Then the Radon transform is given by ...

When computing the sample variance s numerically, the mean must be computed before s^2 can be determined. This requires storing the set of sample values. However, it is ...

Slovin's formula, somtimes also spelled "Sloven's forumula (e.g., Altares et al. 2003, p. 13), is an ad hoc formula lacking mathematical rigor (Ryan 2013) that gives an ...

According to Euler's rotation theorem, any rotation may be described using three angles. If the rotations are written in terms of rotation matrices D, C, and B, then a ...