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Clausen's _4F_3 identity _4F_3(a,b,c,d; e,f,g;1)=((2a)_(|d|)(a+b)_(|d|)(2b)_(|d|))/((2a+2b)_(|d|)a_(|d|)b_(|d|)), (1) holds for a+b+c-d=1/2, e=a+b+1/2, a+f=d+1=b+g, where d a ...

The commutator subgroup (also called a derived group) of a group G is the subgroup generated by the commutators of its elements, and is commonly denoted G^' or [G,G]. It is ...

A set of orthogonal functions {phi_n(x)} is termed complete in the closed interval x in [a,b] if, for every piecewise continuous function f(x) in the interval, the minimum ...

Let z=x+iy and f(z)=u(x,y)+iv(x,y) on some region G containing the point z_0. If f(z) satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann equations and has continuous first partial derivatives in ...

A number which can be computed to any number of digits desired by a Turing machine. Surprisingly, most irrationals are not computable numbers!

A function, or the symbol representing a function, which corresponds to English conjunctions such as "and," "or," "not," etc. that takes one or more truth values as input and ...

A number which can be represented by a finite number of additions, subtractions, multiplications, divisions, and finite square root extractions of integers. Such numbers ...

The complex lattice Lambda_6^omega corresponding to real lattice K_(12) having the densest hypersphere packing (kissing number) in twelve dimensions. The associated ...

A recursively enumerable set A is creative if its complement is productive. Creative sets are not recursive. The property of creativeness coincides with completeness. Namely, ...

The polar curve r=1+2cos(2theta) (1) that can be used for angle trisection. It was devised by Ceva in 1699, who termed it the cycloidum anomalarum (Loomis 1968, p. 29). It ...