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Let a set of vertices A in a connected graph G be called convex if for every two vertices x,y in A, the vertex set of every (x,y) graph geodesic lies completely in A. Also ...

The initial side of an angle theta drawn in angle standard position is the side lying on the positive x-axis. In general, viewing an angle as the amount of rotation about the ...

Given a distance-regular graph G with integers b_i,c_i,i=0,...,d such that for any two vertices x,y in G at distance i=d(x,y), there are exactly c_i neighbors of y in ...

The sphere with respect to which inverse points are computed (i.e., with respect to which geometrical inversion is performed). For example, the cyclides are inversions in a ...

An element admitting a multiplicative or additive inverse. In most cases, the choice between these two options is clear from the context, as, for example, in a monoid, where ...

Jung's theorem states that the generalized diameter D of a compact set X in R^n satisfies D>=Rsqrt((2(n+1))/n), where R is the circumradius of X (Danzer et al. 1963). This ...

A semi-oriented 2-variable knot polynomial defined by F_L(a,z)=a^(-w(L))<|L|>, (1) where L is an oriented link diagram, w(L) is the writhe of L, |L| is the unoriented diagram ...

The mathematical study of knots. Knot theory considers questions such as the following: 1. Given a tangled loop of string, is it really knotted or can it, with enough ...

Informally, an L^2-function is a function f:X->R that is square integrable, i.e., |f|^2=int_X|f|^2dmu with respect to the measure mu, exists (and is finite), in which case ...

Let (q_1,...,q_n,p_1,...,p_n) be any functions of two variables (u,v). Then the expression ...