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1. Zero is a number. 2. If a is a number, the successor of a is a number. 3. zero is not the successor of a number. 4. Two numbers of which the successors are equal are ...

A class of game in which players move alternately and each player is completely informed of previous moves. Finite, zero-sum, two-player games with perfect information ...

The "perp dot product" a^_|_·b for a and b vectors in the plane is a modification of the two-dimensional dot product in which a is replaced by the perpendicular vector ...

There are two different definitions of the polar angle. In the plane, the polar angle theta is the counterclockwise angle from the x-axis at which a point in the xy-plane ...

The quotient of two polynomials p(x) and q(x), discarding any polynomial remainder. Polynomial quotients are implemented in the Wolfram Language as PolynomialQuotient[p, q, ...

Find two numbers such that x^2=y^2 (mod n). If you know the greatest common divisor of n and x-y, there exists a high probability of determining a prime factor. Taking small ...

A distance g on a set that fulfils the same properties as a metric except relaxes the definition to allow the distance between two different points to be zero. An example of ...

In general, a remainder is a quantity "left over" after performing a particular algorithm. The term is most commonly used to refer to the number left over when two integers ...

A tree of links obtained by repeatedly choosing a crossing, applying the skein relationship to obtain two simpler links, and repeating the process. The tree depth of a ...

Let z_0 be a point in a simply connected region R!=C, where C is the complex plane. Then there is a unique analytic function w=f(z) mapping R one-to-one onto the disk |w|<1 ...