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Two lines, vectors, planes, etc., are said to be perpendicular if they meet at a right angle. In R^n, two vectors a and b are perpendicular if their dot product a·b=0. (1) In ...

There are two different definitions of "polar vector." In elementary math, the term "polar vector" is used to refer to a representation of a vector as a vector magnitude ...

A RAT-free ("right angle triangle-free") set is a set of points, no three of which determine a right triangle. Let f(n) be the largest integer such that a RAT-free subset of ...

The regular nonagon is the regular polygon with nine sides and Schläfli symbol {9}. The regular nonagon cannot be constructed using the classical Greek rules of geometric ...

Spherical coordinates, also called spherical polar coordinates (Walton 1967, Arfken 1985), are a system of curvilinear coordinates that are natural for describing positions ...

The study of figures on the surface of a sphere (such as the spherical triangle and spherical polygon), as opposed to the type of geometry studied in plane geometry or solid ...

Given n points, find the line segments with the shortest possible total length which connect the points. The segments need not necessarily be straight from one point to ...

A curve investigated by Talbot which is the ellipse negative pedal curve with respect to the ellipse's center for ellipses with eccentricity e^2>1/2 (Lockwood 1967, p. 157). ...

A (finite, circular) conical surface is a ruled surface created by fixing one end of a line segment at a point (known as the vertex or apex of the cone) and sweeping the ...

The curve produced by fixed point P on the circumference of a small circle of radius b rolling around the inside of a large circle of radius a>b. A hypocycloid is therefore a ...