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A special case of Hölder's sum inequality with p=q=2, (sum_(k=1)^na_kb_k)^2<=(sum_(k=1)^na_k^2)(sum_(k=1)^nb_k^2), (1) where equality holds for a_k=cb_k. The inequality is ...

Given a subset A of a larger set, the characteristic function chi_A, sometimes also called the indicator function, is the function defined to be identically one on A, and is ...

The circumcenter of mass is a concept that can be defined by analogy with one of the the constructions for the geometric centroid for the case of polygons. The geometric ...

Define S_n(x) = sum_(k=1)^(infty)(sin(kx))/(k^n) (1) C_n(x) = sum_(k=1)^(infty)(cos(kx))/(k^n), (2) then the Clausen functions are defined by ...

The most common form of cosine integral is Ci(x) = -int_x^infty(costdt)/t (1) = gamma+lnx+int_0^x(cost-1)/tdt (2) = 1/2[Ei(ix)+Ei(-ix)] (3) = -1/2[E_1(ix)+E_1(-ix)], (4) ...

The Coulomb wave function is a special case of the confluent hypergeometric function of the first kind. It gives the solution to the radial Schrödinger equation in the ...

As a consequence of Matiyasevich's refutation of Hilbert's 10th problem, it can be proved that there does not exist a general algorithm for solving a general quartic ...

The divided difference f[x_0,x_1,x_2,...,x_n], sometimes also denoted [x_0,x_1,x_2,...,x_n] (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972), on n+1 points x_0, x_1, ..., x_n of a function f(x) ...

Let a distribution to be approximated be the distribution F_n of standardized sums Y_n=(sum_(i=1)^(n)(X_i-X^_))/(sqrt(sum_(i=1)^(n)sigma_X^2)). (1) In the Charlier series, ...

The Euler polynomial E_n(x) is given by the Appell sequence with g(t)=1/2(e^t+1), (1) giving the generating function (2e^(xt))/(e^t+1)=sum_(n=0)^inftyE_n(x)(t^n)/(n!). (2) ...