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The word "number" is a general term which refers to a member of a given (possibly ordered) set. The meaning of "number" is often clear from context (i.e., does it refer to a ...

First published in Riemann's groundbreaking 1859 paper (Riemann 1859), the Riemann hypothesis is a deep mathematical conjecture which states that the nontrivial Riemann zeta ...

Let P be a finite partially ordered set, then an antichain in P is a set of pairwise incomparable elements. Antichains are also called Sperner systems in older literature ...

A phenomenological law also called the first digit law, first digit phenomenon, or leading digit phenomenon. Benford's law states that in listings, tables of statistics, ...

A cellular automaton is a collection of "colored" cells on a grid of specified shape that evolves through a number of discrete time steps according to a set of rules based on ...

The detour index omega(G) of a graph G is a graph invariant defined as half the sum of all off-diagonal matrix elements of the detour matrix of G. Unless otherwise stated, ...

Informally, an elliptic curve is a type of cubic curve whose solutions are confined to a region of space that is topologically equivalent to a torus. The Weierstrass elliptic ...

Simply stated, floating-point arithmetic is arithmetic performed on floating-point representations by any number of automated devices. Traditionally, this definition is ...

The game of life is the best-known two-dimensional cellular automaton, invented by John H. Conway and popularized in Martin Gardner's Scientific American column starting in ...

A graceful labeling (or graceful numbering) is a special graph labeling of a graph on m edges in which the nodes are labeled with a subset of distinct nonnegative integers ...