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A generalization by Kronecker of Kummer's theory of prime ideal factors. A divisor on a full subcategory C of mod(A) is an additive mapping chi on C with values in a ...

Let the values of a function f(x) be tabulated at points x_i equally spaced by h=x_(i+1)-x_i, so f_1=f(x_1), f_2=f(x_2), ..., f_n=f(x_n). Then Durand's rule approximating the ...

The Elsasser function is defined by the integral E(y,u)=int_(-1/2)^(1/2)exp[-(2piyusinh(2piy))/(cosh(2piy)-cos(2pix))]dx. (1) Special values include E(0,u) = 1 (2) E(y,0) = ...

A method which can be used to solve any quadratic congruence equation. This technique relies on the fact that solving x^2=b (mod p) is equivalent to finding a value y such ...

A set of curves whose equations are of the same form but which have different values assigned to one or more parameters in the equations. Families of curves arise, for ...

A robust nonparametric test which is an alternative to the paired t-test. This test makes the basic assumption that there is information only in the signs of the differences ...

If a proposition P is true for all B, this is written P forall B. forall is one of the two so-called quantifiers, and translates the universal quantifier forall . The Wolfram ...

A one-dimensional map whose increments are distributed according to a normal distribution. Let y(t-Deltat) and y(t+Deltat) be values, then their correlation is given by the ...

V_t=e^(-ytau)S_tN(d_1)-e^(-rtau)KN(d_2), where N is the cumulative normal distribution and d_1,d_2=(log((S_t)/K)+(r-y+/-1/2sigma^2)tau)/(sigmasqrt(tau)). If y=0, this is the ...

Let u_1<=u_2<=... be harmonic functions on a connected open set U subset= C. Then either u_j->infty uniformly on compact sets or there is a finite-values harmonic function u ...