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The operator of fractional integration is defined as _aD_t^(-nu)f(t)=1/(Gamma(nu))int_a^tf(u)(t-u)^(nu-1)du for nu>0 with _aD_t^0f(t)=f(t) (Oldham and Spanier 1974, Miller ...

Two families of equations used to find roots of nonlinear functions of a single variable. The "B" family is more robust and can be used in the neighborhood of degenerate ...

The spherical curve obtained when moving along the surface of a sphere with constant speed, while maintaining a constant angular velocity with respect to a fixed diameter ...

The negative derivative S(v)=-D_(v)N (1) of the unit normal N vector field of a surface is called the shape operator (or Weingarten map or second fundamental tensor). The ...

A two-component complex column vector. Spinors can describe both bosons and fermions, while tensors can describe only bosons.

A standard basis, also called a natural basis, is a special orthonormal vector basis in which each basis vector has a single nonzero entry with value 1. In n-dimensional ...

A curve investigated by Talbot which is the ellipse negative pedal curve with respect to the ellipse's center for ellipses with eccentricity e^2>1/2 (Lockwood 1967, p. 157). ...

A piecewise linear, one-dimensional map on the interval [0,1] exhibiting chaotic dynamics and given by x_(n+1)=mu(1-2|x_n-1/2|). (1) The first few iterations of (1) give x_1 ...

A Thue equation is a Diophantine equation of the form A_nx^n+A_(n-1)x^(n-1)y+A_(n-2)x^(n-2)y^2+...+A_0y^n=M in terms of an irreducible polynomial of degree n>=3 having ...

Given 2n-1 numbers a_k, where k=-n+1, ..., -1, 0, 1, ..., n-1, a Toeplitz matrix is a matrix which has constant values along negative-sloping diagonals, i.e., a matrix of the ...