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Fermat's last theorem is a theorem first proposed by Fermat in the form of a note scribbled in the margin of his copy of the ancient Greek text Arithmetica by Diophantus. The ...

Primorial primes are primes of the form p_n#+/-1, where p_n# is the primorial of p_n. A coordinated search for such primes is being conducted on PrimeGrid. p_n#-1 is prime ...

A Pierpont prime is a prime number of the form p=2^k·3^l+1. The first few Pierpont primes are 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 19, 37, 73, 97, 109, 163, 193, 257, 433, 487, 577, 769, ... ...

A great circle is a section of a sphere that contains a diameter of the sphere (Kern and Bland 1948, p. 87). Sections of the sphere that do not contain a diameter are called ...

Any two rectilinear figures with equal area can be dissected into a finite number of pieces to form each other. This is the Wallace-Bolyai-Gerwien theorem. For minimal ...

An n-mark Golomb ruler is a set of n distinct nonnegative integers (a_1,a_2,...,a_n), called "marks," such that the positive differences |a_i-a_j|, computed over all possible ...

In its original form, the Poincaré conjecture states that every simply connected closed three-manifold is homeomorphic to the three-sphere (in a topologist's sense) S^3, ...

The utility problem posits three houses and three utility companies--say, gas, electric, and water--and asks if each utility can be connected to each house without having any ...

The covercosine, also called the coversed cosine, is a little-used trigonometric function defined by covercos(z) = vercos(1/2pi-z) (1) = 1+sinz, (2) where vercosz is the ...

The exsecant is a little-used trigonometric function defined by excsc(x)=cscx-1, where cscx is the cosecant.