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A discrete function A(n,k) is called closed form (or sometimes "hypergeometric") in two variables if the ratios A(n+1,k)/A(n,k) and A(n,k+1)/A(n,k) are both rational ...

The Newton-Cotes formulas are an extremely useful and straightforward family of numerical integration techniques. To integrate a function f(x) over some interval [a,b], ...

The interval (generally, the smallest interval) over which the values of a periodic function recur. Functions may have one or more periods over time and in space.

The symbol tau (the lower case Greek letter tau) has many common uses in mathematics, as summarized in the following table. 1. tau(n) is an alternate notation for the divisor ...

A generalization of the p-adic norm first proposed by Kürschák in 1913. A valuation |·| on a field K is a function from K to the real numbers R such that the following ...

The Mills ratio is defined as m(x) = 1/(h(x)) (1) = (S(x))/(P(x)) (2) = (1-D(x))/(P(x)), (3) where h(x) is the hazard function, S(x) is the survival function, P(x) is the ...

A uniform distribution, sometimes also known as a rectangular distribution, is a distribution that has constant probability. The probability density function and cumulative ...

The antilaplacian of u with respect to x is a function whose Laplacian with respect to x equals u. The antilaplacian is never unique.

The process of taking the complement of a set or truth function. In the latter case, complementation is equivalent to the NOT operation.

The function f(beta,z)|->z^((1+cosbeta+isinbeta)/2), illustrated above for beta=0.4.