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The cubical graph is the Platonic graph corresponding to the connectivity of the cube. It is isomorphic to the generalized Petersen graph GP(4,1), bipartite Kneser graph ...

The dodecahedral graph is the Platonic graph corresponding to the connectivity of the vertices of a dodecahedron, illustrated above in four embeddings. The left embedding ...

An Abelian group is a group for which the elements commute (i.e., AB=BA for all elements A and B). Abelian groups therefore correspond to groups with symmetric multiplication ...

A mathematical procedure for finding the best-fitting curve to a given set of points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the offsets ("the residuals") of the points from ...

A definite integral is an integral int_a^bf(x)dx (1) with upper and lower limits. If x is restricted to lie on the real line, the definite integral is known as a Riemann ...

There are several definitions of "almost Hamiltonian" in use. As defined by Punnim et al. (2007), an almost Hamiltonian graph is a graph on n nodes having Hamiltonian number ...

Baillie and Wagstaff (1980) and Pomerance et al. (1980, Pomerance 1984) proposed a test (or rather a related set of tests) based on a combination of strong pseudoprimes and ...

The Buffon-Laplace needle problem asks to find the probability P(l,a,b) that a needle of length l will land on at least one line, given a floor with a grid of equally spaced ...

A camel graph is a graph formed by all possible moves of a hypothetical chess piece called a "camel" which moves analogously to a knight except that it is restricted to moves ...

Four circles c_1, c_2, c_3, and c_4 are tangent to a fifth circle or a straight line iff T_(12)T_(34)+/-T_(13)T_(42)+/-T_(14)T_(23)=0. (1) where T_(ij) is the length of a ...