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The prime counting function is the function pi(x) giving the number of primes less than or equal to a given number x (Shanks 1993, p. 15). For example, there are no primes ...

The Dedekind eta function is defined over the upper half-plane H={tau:I[tau]>0} by eta(tau) = q^_^(1/24)(q^_)_infty (1) = q^_^(1/24)product_(k=1)^(infty)(1-q^_^k) (2) = ...

An extension field F subset= K is called finite if the dimension of K as a vector space over F (the so-called degree of K over F) is finite. A finite field extension is ...

The process of computing or obtaining an integral. A more archaic term for integration is quadrature.

For any algebraic number x of degree n>2, a rational approximation p/q to x must satisfy |x-p/q|>1/(q^n) for sufficiently large q. Writing r=n leads to the definition of the ...

The integral transform defined by g(x)=int_1^inftyt^(1/4-nu/2)(t-1)^(1/4-nu/2)P_(-1/2+ix)^(nu-1/2)(2t-1)f(t)dt (Samko et al. 1993, p. 761) or ...

Let pi_n(x)=product_(k=0)^n(x-x_k), (1) then f(x)=f_0+sum_(k=1)^npi_(k-1)(x)[x_0,x_1,...,x_k]+R_n, (2) where [x_1,...] is a divided difference, and the remainder is ...

Let (x_1,x_2) and (y_1,y_2,y_3) be two sets of complex numbers linearly independent over the rationals. Then at least one of ...

There are two kinds of Bell polynomials. A Bell polynomial B_n(x), also called an exponential polynomial and denoted phi_n(x) (Bell 1934, Roman 1984, pp. 63-67) is a ...

Clausen's integral, sometimes called the log sine integral (Borwein and Bailey 2003, p. 88) is the n=2 case of the S_2 Clausen function Cl_2(theta) = ...