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An authalic latitude which is directly proportional to the spacing of parallels of latitude from the equator on an ellipsoidal Mercator projection. It is defined by ...

A real-valued univariate function f=f(x) has a jump discontinuity at a point x_0 in its domain provided that lim_(x->x_0-)f(x)=L_1<infty (1) and lim_(x->x_0+)f(x)=L_2<infty ...

The simplest interpretation of the Kronecker delta is as the discrete version of the delta function defined by delta_(ij)={0 for i!=j; 1 for i=j. (1) The Kronecker delta is ...

For every positive integer n, there exists a sphere which has exactly n lattice points on its surface. The sphere is given by the equation ...

Let lambda be the longitude, lambda_0 the reference longitude, phi the latitude, phi_0 the reference latitude, and phi_1 and phi_2 the standard parallels. Then the ...

The line integral of a vector field F(x) on a curve sigma is defined by int_(sigma)F·ds=int_a^bF(sigma(t))·sigma^'(t)dt, (1) where a·b denotes a dot product. In Cartesian ...

A number of points on a line segment. The term was first used by Desargues (Cremona 1960, p. x). If the points A, B, C, ... lie on a line segment with the coordinates of the ...

The Lucas cubic is a pivotal isotomic cubic having pivot point at Kimberling center X_(69), the isogonal conjugate of the orthocenter, i.e., the locus of points P such that ...

A map projection given by the following transformation, x = lambda-lambda_0 (1) y = 5/4ln[tan(1/4pi+2/5phi)] (2) = 5/4sinh^(-1)[tan(4/5phi)]. (3) Here, x and y are the plane ...

The Minkowski metric, also called the Minkowski tensor or pseudo-Riemannian metric, is a tensor eta_(alphabeta) whose elements are defined by the matrix (eta)_(alphabeta)=[-1 ...