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A disjunctive syllogism is a valid argument form in propositional calculus, where p and q are propositions: (p v q; ¬p)/(∴q). For example, if someone is going to study law or ...

The general orthogonal group GO_n(q,F) is the subgroup of all elements of the projective general linear group that fix the particular nonsingular quadratic form F. The ...

An absolutely continuous measure on partialD whose density has the form exp(x+y^_), where x and y are real-valued functions in L^infty, ||y||_infty<pi/2, exp is the ...

A root-finding algorithm also called Bailey's method and Hutton's method. For a function of the form g(x)=x^d-r, Lambert's method gives an iteration function ...

A necessary and sufficient condition for all the eigenvalues of a real n×n matrix A to have negative real parts is that the equation A^(T)V+VA=-I has as a solution where V is ...

A method used by Gauss to solve the quadratic Diophantine equation of the form mx^2+ny^2=A (Dickson 2005, pp. 391 and 407).

The term perfect square is used to refer to a square number, a perfect square dissection, or a factorable quadratic polynomial of the form a^2+/-2ab+b^2=(a+/-b)^2.

A collineation which transforms every one-dimensional form projectively. Any collineation which transforms one range into a projectively related range is a projective ...

Given a Pythagorean triple (a,b,c), the fractions a/b and b/a are called Pythagorean fractions. Diophantus showed that the Pythagorean fractions consist precisely of ...

A Greek cross rotated by 45 degrees, also called the crux decussata, illustrated schematically above in polyomino form. The multiplication sign × is based on Saint Andrew's ...