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A unit ring is a ring with a multiplicative identity. It is therefore sometimes also known as a "ring with identity." It is given by a set together with two binary operators ...

Universality is the property of being able to perform different tasks with the same underlying construction just by being programmed in a different way. Universal systems are ...

The unsorted union of a list S is a list containing the same elements as S but with the second and subsequent occurrence of any given element removed. For example, the ...

The upper domination number Gamma(G) of a graph G is the maximum size of a minimal dominating set of vertices in G. The (lower) domination number may be similarly defined as ...

The upper half-plane is the portion of the complex plane {x+iy:x,y in (-infty,infty)} satisfying y=I[z]>0 i.e., {x+iy:x in (-infty,infty),y in (0,infty)}. Common notations ...

The upper irredundance number IR(G) of a graph G is the maximum size of an irredundant set of vertices in G. It is therefore equal to the size of a maximum irredundant set as ...

The (m,q)-Ustimenko graph is the distance-1 or distance-2 graph of the dual polar graph on [C_m(q)] (Brouwer et al. 1989, p. 279). The Ustimenko graph with parameters m and q ...

Consider the problem of comparing two real numbers x and y based on their continued fraction representations. Then the mean number of iterations needed to determine if x<y or ...

The vertex set of a graph is simply a set of all vertices of the graph. The cardinality of the vertex set for a given graph g is known as the vertex count of g. The vertex ...

A positive integer n is a veryprime iff all primes p<=sqrt(n) satisfy {|2[n (mod p)]-p|<=1 very strong; |2[n (mod p)]-p|<=sqrt(p) strong; |2[n (mod p)]-p|<=p/2 weak. (1) The ...