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A submonoid is a subset of the elements of a monoid that are themselves a monoid under the same monoid operation. For example, consider the monoid formed by the nonnegative ...

A subring of a ring R is a subgroup of R that is closed under multiplication.

A subsequence of {a} is a sequence {b} defined by b_k=a_(n_k), where n_1<n_2<... is an increasing sequence of indices (D'Angelo and West 2000). For example, the prime numbers ...

Subtraction is the operation of taking the difference d=x-y of two numbers x and y. Here, x is called the minuend, y is called the subtrahend, and the symbol between the x ...

A tree G^' whose graph vertices and graph edges form subsets of the graph vertices and graph edges of a given tree G.

For a discrete function f(n), the summatory function is defined by F(n)=sum_(k in D)^nf(k), where D is the domain of the function.

If G^' is a subgraph of G, then G is said to be a supergraph of G^'.

A set containing all elements of a smaller set. If B is a subset of A, then A is a superset of B, written A superset= B. If A is a proper superset of B, this is written A ...

Given a sequence of real numbers a_n, the supremum limit (also called the limit superior or upper limit), written lim sup and pronounced 'lim-soup,' is the limit of ...

An ordinary knot in three dimensions suspended in four dimensions to create a knotted 2-sphere. Suspended knots are not smooth at the poles.