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There are many unsolved problems in mathematics. Several famous problems which have recently been solved include: 1. The Pólya conjecture (disproven by Haselgrove 1958, ...

There are several different definitions of the term "unital" used throughout various branches of mathematics. In geometric combinatorics, a block design of the form (q^3+1, ...

An abnormal number is a hypothetical number which can be factored into primes in more than one way. Hardy and Wright (1979) prove the fundamental theorem of arithmetic by ...

An accumulation point is a point which is the limit of a sequence, also called a limit point. For some maps, periodic orbits give way to chaotic ones beyond a point known as ...

For a measurable function mu, the Beltrami differential equation is given by f_(z^_)=muf_z, where f_z is a partial derivative and z^_ denotes the complex conjugate of z.

A ruled surface M is said to be a binormal developable of a curve y if M can be parameterized by x(u,v)=y(u)+vB^^(u), where B is the binormal vector.

The set of points, known as boundary points, which are members of the set closure of a given set S and the set closure of its complement set. The boundary is sometimes called ...

The boustrophedon ("ox-plowing") transform b of a sequence a is given by b_n = sum_(k=0)^(n)(n; k)a_kE_(n-k) (1) a_n = sum_(k=0)^(n)(-1)^(n-k)(n; k)b_kE_(n-k) (2) for n>=0, ...

A mathematical structure A is said to be closed under an operation + if, whenever a and b are both elements of A, then so is a+b. A mathematical object taken together with ...

Two square matrices A and B are called congruent if there exists a nonsingular matrix P such that B=P^(T)AP, where P^(T) is the transpose.