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If W is a simply connected, compact manifold with a boundary that has two components, M_1 and M_2, such that inclusion of each is a homotopy equivalence, then W is ...

Each of the sets forming a direct product is said to be a direct factor. A group G is said to be a direct factor of the group G^' if G^' is isomorphic to the group direct ...

In simple algebra, multiplication is the process of calculating the result when a number a is taken b times. The result of a multiplication is called the product of a and b, ...

A quantity by which another (the multiplicand) is multiplied. For example, in the expression a×b, a is the multiplier. The result of the multiplication of two or more ...

A volume element is the differential element dV whose volume integral over some range in a given coordinate system gives the volume of a solid, V=intintint_(G)dxdydz. (1) In ...

The Christoffel symbols are tensor-like objects derived from a Riemannian metric g. They are used to study the geometry of the metric and appear, for example, in the geodesic ...

A generalization to a quartic three-dimensional surface is the quartic surface of revolution (x^4-ax^3)+a^2(y^2+z^2)=0, (1) illustrated above. With a=1, this surface is ...

The negative derivative S(v)=-D_(v)N (1) of the unit normal N vector field of a surface is called the shape operator (or Weingarten map or second fundamental tensor). The ...

The Wallis formula follows from the infinite product representation of the sine sinx=xproduct_(n=1)^infty(1-(x^2)/(pi^2n^2)). (1) Taking x=pi/2 gives ...

A vector field u satisfying the vector identity ux(del xu)=0 where AxB is the cross product and del xA is the curl is said to be a Beltrami field.