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The Krohn-Rhodes complexity, also called the group complexity or simply "the complexity," of a finite semigroup S is the smallest number of groups in a wreath product of ...

A polynomial is called logarithmically concave (or log-concave) if the sequence of its coefficients is logarithmically concave. If P(x) is log-convex and Q(x) is unimodal, ...

The power A^n of a matrix A for n a nonnegative integer is defined as the matrix product of n copies of A, A^n=A...A_()_(n). A matrix to the zeroth power is defined to be the ...

An irreducible algebraic integer which has the property that, if it divides the product of two algebraic integers, then it divides at least one of the factors. 1 and -1 are ...

A relation is any subset of a Cartesian product. For instance, a subset of A×B, called a "binary relation from A to B," is a collection of ordered pairs (a,b) with first ...

A simple pole of an analytic function f is a pole of order one. That is, (z-z_0)f(z) is an analytic function at the pole z=z_0. Alternatively, its principal part is c/(z-z_0) ...

If the top and bottom bases of a solid are equal in area, lie in parallel planes, and every section of the solid parallel to the bases is equal in area to that of the base, ...

The q-analog of the Pochhammer symbol defined by (a;q)_k={product_(j=0)^(k-1)(1-aq^j) if k>0; 1 if k=0; product_(j=1)^(|k|)(1-aq^(-j))^(-1) if k<0; ...

A Cartesian product of any finite or infinite set I of copies of Z_2, equipped with the product topology derived from the discrete topology of Z_2. It is denoted Z_2^I. The ...

A method for verifying the correctness of an arithmetical operation on natural numbers, based on the same principle as casting out nines. The methods of sevens takes ...