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Suppose for every point x in a manifold M, an inner product <·,·>_x is defined on a tangent space T_xM of M at x. Then the collection of all these inner products is called ...

The function f(x,y)=(1-x)^2+100(y-x^2)^2 that is often used as a test problem for optimization algorithms (where a variation with 100 replaced by 105 is sometimes used; ...

The second Yff triangle is the Cevian triangle DeltaA^'B^'C^' of the second Yff point. The area of the second Yff triangle is Delta=(u^3)/(2R), where R is the circumradius of ...

A topological space having a countable dense subset. An example is the Euclidean space R^n with the Euclidean topology, since it has the rational lattice Q^n as a countable ...

A function f(x) has a spinode (also called a horizontal cusp) at a point x_0 if f(x) is continuous at x_0 and lim_(x->x_0)f^'(x)=infty from one side while ...

The locus of points whose first polars with regard to the curves of a linear net have a common point. It is also the locus of points of concurrence of line polars of points ...

Let x be a point in an n-dimensional compact manifold M, and attach at x a copy of R^n tangential to M. The resulting structure is called the tangent space of M at x and is ...

The lines joining the vertices of a tetrahedron to the centroids of the opposite faces are called medians. Commandino's theorem states that the four medians of a tetrahedron ...

Due to Lebesgue and Brouwer. If an n-dimensional figure is covered in any way by sufficiently small subregions, then there will exist points which belong to at least n+1 of ...

The figure formed when the midpoints of adjacent sides of a quadrilateral are joined. Varignon's theorem demonstrated that this figure is a parallelogram. The center of the ...