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The Platonic solids, also called the regular solids or regular polyhedra, are convex polyhedra with equivalent faces composed of congruent convex regular polygons. There are ...

A unit-distance graph is a distance graph having an embedding in the Euclidean plane (unit-distance embedding) in which vertices are distinct points and all edges are of ...

The objective of global optimization is to find the globally best solution of (possibly nonlinear) models, in the (possible or known) presence of multiple local optima. ...

The word "algebra" is a distortion of the Arabic title of a treatise by al-Khwārizmī about algebraic methods. In modern usage, algebra has several meanings. One use of the ...

The cuboctahedron, also called the heptaparallelohedron or dymaxion (the latter according to Buckminster Fuller; Rawles 1997), is the Archimedean solid with faces 8{3}+6{4}. ...

The four-color theorem states that any map in a plane can be colored using four-colors in such a way that regions sharing a common boundary (other than a single point) do not ...

The generalized hypergeometric function is given by a hypergeometric series, i.e., a series for which the ratio of successive terms can be written ...

The generalized minimal residual (GMRES) method (Saad and Schultz 1986) is an extension of the minimal residual method (MINRES), which is only applicable to symmetric ...

Generally speaking, a Green's function is an integral kernel that can be used to solve differential equations from a large number of families including simpler examples such ...

In 1611, Kepler proposed that close packing (either cubic or hexagonal close packing, both of which have maximum densities of pi/(3sqrt(2)) approx 74.048%) is the densest ...